University of Maryland

Physics Lecture-Demonstration Facility

PHYSICS 102

Selected Demonstrations arranged by chapter and section in:

Berg and Stork: The Physics of Sound, THIRD edition

Chapter 1: Simple Harmonic Motion and Applications

1.1 Fundamental Definitions

Videotape: POWERS OF TEN

A1-31 VOLUME MEASURE DEMONSTRATION

A1-11 LENGTHS - METER AND YARD

A1-01 MASSES - KILOGRAM AND POUND

F1-11 HYDRAULIC PRESS

H3-61 BEAKER BREAKER

1.2 Simple Harmonic Motion

B4-01 HOOKE'S LAW

G1-11 COMPARISON OF SHM AND UCM

G1-12 PENDULUM AND ROTATING BALL

G1-01 EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION

G1-42 LARGE TORSIONAL PENDULUM

G1-51 INVERTED SPRING PENDULUM

G1-52 STRINGLESS PENDULUM

G1-56 INVERTED PENDULUM - SABER SAW

G1-82 PENDULUM WAVES

1.3 Application to Sound

H1-13 WAVEFORM GENERATOR, SPEAKER, AND OSCILLOSCOPE

H1-11 MICROPHONE AND OSCILLOSCOPE

H1-12 VISIBLE WAVEFORMS ON LARGE SPEAKER

H4-55 YAMAHA DX7 DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER

1.4 Damped and Driven Oscillations

G2-01 MASS ON SPRING - HAND HELD

G1-37 MASS ON SPRING WITH ULTRASONIC RANGER

G2-02 FORCED HARMONIC MOTION WITH DAMPING - LARGE

G2-04 DAMPED OSCILLATIONS

G2-12 BARTON'S PENDULUMS

G2-21 COUPLED PENDULA

G2-22 BAR-COUPLED PENDULA

G2-23 SPRING-COUPLED PHYSICAL PENDULA

G2-41 WILBERFORCE PENDULUM

G2-42 ELASTIC PENDULUM

G2-07 PSYCHOACOUSTIC VIBRATION TRANSDUCER

H2-52 BEATS AND RESONANCE - TUNING BARS

H3-61 BEAKER BREAKER

H3-62 TEACUP STANDING WAVES

Loop: Takoma Narrows Bridge Collapse

Videotape: Takoma Narrows Bridge Collapse

1.5 Combinations of Simple Harmonic Motion

G1-71 LISSAJOUS FIGURES - SAND PENDULUM

G1-72 LISSAJOUS FIGURES - X-Y RECORDER

G1-73 LISSAJOUS FIGURES - FOURIER SYNTHESIZER

G1-74 LISSAJOUS FIGURES - LASER AND LOUDSPEAKER

G1-81 OUIJA WINDMILL

H4-13 PLAYING IN JUST INTONATION

H4-14 LISSAJOUS FIGURES - VOICE

H1-27 SPEED OF SOUND - LISSAJOUS FIGURES

Loop: Oscilloscope Art - C1

Chapter 2: Waves and Sound

2.1 Transverse and Longitudinal Waves

G3-01 SHIVE WAVE MACHINE - TRAVELING WAVES

G3-28 SUSPENDED SLINKY

G3-21 TRANSVERSE WAVES ON A LONG SPRING

H1-01 BELL IN VACUUM

H1-21 SPEED OF SOUND - PHASE CHANGE

H1-22 SPEED OF SOUND - USING PULSES

K8-01 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE - MODEL

N1-05 SPECTRA - VISIBLE AND INVISIBLE

H1-02 SPEAKER AND CANDLE

2.2 Basic Phenomena and Properties of Waves

(Reflection)

G3-28 SUSPENDED SLINKY

A2-13 ELLIPSE DRAWING BOARD

H2-01 FOCUSING OF SOUND WITH CONCAVE REFLECTORS

H2-02 PARABOLIC MICROPHONE

H2-03 ACOUSTIC RADAR

L2-01 OPTICAL BOARD - PLANE MIRROR

L3-11 OPTICAL BOARD - CONCAVE SPHERICAL MIRROR

L3-16 FOCUSING OF HEAT WAVES BY MIRRORS

Loops: Straight Wave Reflection from Straight Barrier

Circular Wave Reflection from Various Barriers

Reflection of Waves from Concave Barriers

Reflection at Plane and Curved Surfaces

(Refraction)

H2-11 SOUND LENS

I5-15 ADIABATIC EXPANSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Slide: H-bomb Mushroom Cloud

L6-01 OPTICAL BOARD - CONVERGING SPHERICAL LENS

Loops: Refraction of Waves

Refraction

Glass in Liquids

(Interference)

H2-21 AUDIBLE YOUNG'S EXPERIMENT - GROUP LISTENING

H2-23 INTERFERENCE - KLINGER TRANSPARENT SLIDES

H2-24 AUDIBLE YOUNG'S EXPERIMENT - MIC AND SCOPE

H2-26 PHASE REVERSAL BETWEEN STEREO SPEAKERS

H2-27 PHASE REVERSAL BETWEEN STEREO SPEAKERS - OSCILLATOR

H2-25 QUINCKE'S INTERFERENCE TUBES

M1-13 INTERFERENCE - KLINGER TRANSPARENT SLIDES

Loops: Superposition of Pulses - C2

Interference of Waves - C2

VIDEOTAPE: Noise Cancellation Technologies: Demonstration Tape

(Diffraction)

H2-31 ACOUSTIC COLLIMATOR

H2-32 SPEAKER WITH BAFFLE

H2-33 SPEAKER WITH EXPONENTIAL HORN

Loops: Single Slit Diffraction

Diffraction and Scattering Around Obstacles

(Polarization)

M7-05 ROPE AND COOKIE COOLERS

M7-03 POLAROIDS AND GOOSENECK LAMP

M8-01 POLAROIDS AND KARO SYRUP

2.3 Addition of Waves

H4-01 FOURIER SYNTHESIS

Loops: Single Pulses in a Spring

Superposition of Pulses in a Spring

2.4 Beats

H2-51 BEATS - OSCILLATORS, SPEAKERS, AND OSCILLOSCOPE

H2-52 BEATS AND RESONANCE - TUNING BARS

2.5 Doppler Effect

H2-41 DOPPLER BALL

H2-42 DOPPLER EFFECT - TUNING FORK ON STRING

G4-03 RIPPLE TANK - DOPPLER EFFECT

H1-52 AUDIOTAPE - SCIENCE OF SOUND - LONG VERSION(Doppler effect)

Loop: Doppler Effect

2.6 Shock Waves and Sonic Booms

F4-41 DRUM AND CANDLE

J4-32 DISCHARGE OF CAPACITOR WITH 'BANG'

Loop: Sources Moving at Speeds Below and Above Wave Speed - C2

2.7 Ultrasonics

H1-41 ULTRASONIC MOTION DETECTOR

H1-42 ULTRASONIC PEST CONTROLLER

H1-43 ULTRASONICS AND HEARING

Slide: Sonograph of Triplets in Uterus

Slide: Sonograph of fetus near full term (detailed)

Slide: Ultrasonic Blood Flow (Doppler shift)

SVHS Videotape: Videotape of blood flow in normal and abnormal hearts

2.8 Infrasonics

Chapter 3: Standing Waves and the Overtone Series

3.1 Transverse Standing Waves

G3-28 SUSPENDED SLINKY

G3-04 SHIVE WAVE MACHINE - STANDING WAVES

G3-51 ROPE WAVE GENERATOR - FREQUENCY VS WAVELENGTH

G3-53 STANDING WAVES IN A STRING

H3-01 STANDING SOUND WAVES - TWO SOURCES

H3-02 STANDING SOUND WAVES - REFLECTION

H4-01 FOURIER SYNTHESIS(addition of waves)

Loops: Transverse Standing Waves in a Spring - Wave Groups

Transverse Stand Waves in a Spring - Contin Wave Trains

Reflection of Waves in a Spring - Free and Fixed End

3.2 Resonance and the Overtone Series

H4-11 SAVART'S DISKS

H4-32 VIBRAPHONE

H3-14 TWIRL-A-TUNE

H3-15 TWIRL-A-TUNE AND VACUUM CLEANER

H3-71 STROKED ALUMINUM ROD

H4-01 FOURIER SYNTHESIS

3.3 Mersenne's Laws

G3-51 ROPE WAVE GENERATOR - FREQUENCY VS WAVELENGTH

G3-52 ROPE WAVE GENERATOR - ROPE TENSION VS. WAVELENGTH

H3-51 SONOMETER WITH TUNING PEGS

H3-52 SONOMETER WITH WEIGHTS

3.4 Longitudinal Standing Waves

G3-28 SUSPENDED SLINKY

H3-03 REFLECTION OF PULSES IN TUBE

H3-05 KUNDT'S TUBE - OSCILLATOR DRIVEN

Slides: Kundt's tube air motion

H3-24 OPEN AND CLOSED PIPES

H3-23 RESONANCE TUBE - OSCILLATOR, PLUNGER AND MICROPHONE

H3-11 TUNING FORKS AND RESONANT TUBE

H3-21 SOUND RESONANCE IN WATER TUBE

H3-17 FLAME TUBE

H4-36 LIP-BLOWN TUBE

H4-37 FLEXIBLE TRUMPET

H4-39 PLASTIC TUBE FLUTE

H4-40 PLASTIC TUBE CLARINET

H3-12 ROARING TUBE - 4FT

H3-13 ROARING TUBE - 8 FT

Loops: Standing Sound Waves

Standing Waves in a Gas

H1-23 SPEED OF SOUND IN ALUMINUM

3.5 Other Standing Waves and Applications

G3-46 STANDING WAVES IN A WIRE LOOP

G4-22 CHLADNI FIGURES - OSCILLATOR DRIVEN

H3-71 STROKED ALUMINUM ROD

H3-61 BEAKER BREAKER (with stroboscope to see brim oscillations)

H3-62 TEACUP STANDING WAVES

Loops: Soap Film Oscillations

Vibrations of a Drum

Vibrations of a Wire

Vibrations of a Metal Plate

Chladni Plates - Standing Wave Patterns

Rubber Membrane - Standing Wave Patterns

Vibrating Soap Bubbles (Application to nuclear fission)

Videodisk: Takoma Narrows Bridge Collapse

Chapter 4: Analysis and Synthesis of Complex Waves

4.1 Synthesis of Complex Waves

H4-01 FOURIER SYNTHESIS

Loop: Fourier Series

4.2 Fourier Analysis and Fourier Spectra

H4-02 FOURIER ANALYSIS - WAVE SHAPE AND SPECTRUM

H3-21 SOUND RESONANCE IN WATER TUBE

H1-52 AUDIOTAPE 82 MIN - SCIENCE OF SOUND - LONG VERSION

(Section on overtones)

4.3 Analysis of Tone Quality

H5-15 EFFECT OF HARMONIC CONTENT ON TONE QUALITY

H6-01 FOURIER ANALYSIS OF VOICE

H1-52 AUDIOTAPE - SCIENCE OF SOUND - LONG VERSION

(Section on tone quality)

H6-02 VOCAL FORMANTS

4.4 Resonance Curves and Musical Sound Production

H4-21 EDGE TONES

H4-22 BOTTLE BAND

H3-32 RESONANCE IN TUBE - POURING WATER

H3-33 RESONANCE FROM WHITE NOISE IN VARIABLE TUBE

H3-41 RESONANCE CURVES - HELMHOLTZ RESONATORS

H3-42 RESONANCE CURVES - OPEN AND CLOSED TUBES

N1-02 PRISMATIC SPECTRUM OF WHITE LIGHT - INCANDESCENT

Chapter 5: Electronic Music and Synthesizers

5.1 Combination of Waves and Modulation

H4-51 SIGNAL MODULATION - AM AND FM

H4-52 SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF MODULATION

5.2 Analog Synthesizers and Synthesis of Musical Sounds

H4-56 SYNTHESIZER INTRODUCTION - VOLTAGE CONTROL OF FREQUENCY

H4-54 ARP 2600 ANALOG SYNTHESIZER

H4-53 MOOG ROGUE SYNTHESIZER

Audiotapes of synthesizer music:

Switched-On Bach

A Clockwork Orange

5.3 Digital Synthesizers and Keyboards

H4-57 FREQUENCY MODULATION BY FEEDBACK

H4-55 YAMAHA DX7S DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER

Videotaped or live Synthesizer Lecture

5.4 MIDI

Chapter 6: The Human Ear and Voice

6.1 Peripheral Audio System

H5-02 ANATOMY OF THE EAR - SLIDES AND ATLAS

H5-01 EAR MODEL

6.2 Place Theory of Hearing

H5-11 WAVETEK AND AUDIO CART - FREQUENCY RANGE OF HEARING

H5-12 WAVETEKS AND AUDIO CART - CRITICAL BAND

H5-20 HEARING SCIENCE LABORATORY - FREQUENCY JND

H5-43 AUDIOTAPE 6 MIN - SHEPARD'S TONES

Movie: A Pair of Paradoxes (VHS tape)

6.3 Amplitude Response of the Ear

6.4 Logarithms and Sound Intensity Scales

H1-32 WAVETEK AND AUDIO CART - EQUAL SOUND LEVEL STEPS

H5-21 THREE DECIBELS

H1-52 AUDIOTAPE 82 MIN - SCIENCE OF SOUND - LONG VERSION (Intensity Section)

6.5 Periodicity Pitch and Fundamental Tracking

H4-01 FOURIER SYNTHESIS

6.6 Aural Harmonics

H5-19 SUM AND DIFFERENCE TONES

H5-18 DIFFERENCE FREQUENCIES - AUDIO CART

6.7 Ohm's Law of Hearing

H5-17 WAVETEKS AND AUDIO CART - QUALITY BEATS

H5-16 OHM'S LAW OF HEARING - FOURIER SYNTHESIZER

6.8 Masking

H5-13 WAVETEKS AND AUDIO CART - MASKING

H5-14 ARP SYNTHESIZER - MASKING BY NARROW-BAND NOISE

6.9 Binaural Effects

H5-31 DIPLACUSIS AND BINAURAL BEATS

6.10 Hearing Loss

6.11 Anatomy of the Vocal Tract

F5-01 BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE - TOY CAR AND BALL

F5-03 BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE - THIN METAL SHEETS

F5-06 BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE - BEACH BALL

F5-07 BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE - SPOOL AND CARDBOARD

6.12 Vocal Formants

H4-02 FOURIER ANALYSIS - WAVE SHAPE AND SPECTRUM

H6-02 VOCAL FORMANTS

H6-03 VOCAL FORMANTS - MODEL

H6-04 HELIUM VOICE

H6-05 SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE VOICE

H6-01 FOURIER ANALYSIS OF VOICE

H6-11 AUDIOTAPE 60 MIN - MUSIC OF TIBET(Use a few minutes.)

H6-13 COMPACT DISC - HUUN-HUUR-TU

H6-12 AUDIOTAPE 60 MIN - THE HARMONIC CHOIR(Use a few minutes.)

H6-06 ARP SYNTHESIZER - WOW

6.13 Analysis of Vocal Sounds

H6-14 AUDIOTAPE 5 MIN - SYNTHETIC SPEECH

H6-21 BIRD SONGS - AUDIOTAPES, SLIDES AND SPECTROGRAMS

Chapter 7: Sound Recording and Reproduction

7.1 Electrical Circuits and Ohm's Law

K5-31 OHM'S LAW

7.2 Reproduction and Amplification Systems

AUDIO CART - COMPLETE AUDIO SYSTEM

7.3 Microphones

J4-01 PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR

SONY ELECTRET CONDENSER MICROPHONE

K2-03 FARADAY'S EXPERIMENT ON INDUCTION

K2-04 FARADAY'S EXPERIMENT - EME SET - 20, 40, 80 TURN COILS

K2-01 EARTH INDUCTOR (also with small magnet)

7.4 Loudspeakers

AUDIO CART - LARGE ADVENT SPEAKERS

H1-12 VISIBLE WAVEFORMS ON LARGE LOUDSPEAKER

K1-03 FORCE ON CURRENT IN MAGNETIC FIELD

K2-61 THOMSON'S COIL

H4-65 CROSSOVER NETWORK FOR SPEAKERS

H4-66 CROSSOVER NETWORK - LARGE ADVENT

7.5 Preamplifiers

AUDIO CART - PREAMPLIFIER

H1-52 AUDIOTAPE 82 MIN - SCIENCE OF SOUND -LONG VERSION(Section on filtering)

7.6 Power Amplifiers

AUDIO CART - STEREO AMPLIFIER

H4-64 DISTORTION IN AUDIO AMPLIFIER

7.7 AM-FM Tuners

H4-58 AMPLITUDE MODULATION IN RADIO

7.8 Tape Recorders

J7-22 MAGNETIC DOMAINS WITH TV

J7-21 HYSTERESIS

H4-61 HARMONIC DISTORTION OF TAPE RECORDER

7.9 Digital Sound Reproduction and the Compact Disc

H4-67 CD WITH HOLE

DEMONSTRATION CD

7.10 Digital Compression and MP3

H4-68 MP3 COMPRESSION

Chapter 8: Room and Auditorium Acoustics

8.1 Criteria in Acoustical Design

8.2 Problems in Acoustical Design

8.3 Control of Reverberation Time

REVERBERATION TIME OF LECTURE HALL

8.4 Design of Auditoriums

H4-71 AUDIOTAPE 20 MIN - ACOUSTICS FOR THE MUSIC EDUCATOR

8.5 Home listening Rooms

Chapter 9: Musical Temperament and Pitch

H4-01 FOURIER SYNTHESIS (Chords in true temperament)

H4-32 VIBRAPHONE

H4-13 PLAYING IN JUST INTONATION

H4-17 AUDIOTAPE 16 MIN - MUSICAL TEMPERAMENT

H4-55 YAMAHA DX7S DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER

Chapter 10: Woodwind Instruments

H4-39 PLASTIC TUBE FLUTE

H4-40 PLASTIC TUBE CLARINET

Chapter 11: Brass Instruments

H4-36 LIP-BLOWN TUBE

H4-37 FLEXIBLE TRUMPET

Chapter 12: String Instruments

H4-34 GUITAR AND OSCILLOSCOPE

Chapter 13: The Piano

Chapter 14: Percussion Instruments

H3-74 TUNING BAR PARADOX - EFFECT OF WIDTH

Lecture-Demonstration Home Page

For comments or constructive criticism of this documentplease e-mail Dr. Richard Berg, reberg@physics.umd.edu, or send comments by phone or to the mailing address on the home page.